The late Finance Minister Jim Flaherty rarely beat around the bush — and that was certainly the case when he offered up this assessment of his own government's proposed income splitting for families:
"It benefits some parts of the Canadian population a lot — and other parts of the Canadian population virtually not at all," he told reporters in February of this year.
Flaherty said the measure needed "a long, hard, analytical look" by experts "to see who it affects in this society and to what degree. Because I'm not sure that overall it benefits our society."
The income-splitting promise, made during the 2011 election campaign, would allow families with children under 18 years of age to transfer up to $50,000 of income from one partner to the other.
Shifts money between brackets
Income-splitting is meant to lower a family's overall tax bill by having that transferred money taxed at a lower bracket – allowing the family to keep the difference. It is also meant to encourage those who want to stay home to raise their children to do so.
Stephen Harper makes a campaign stop in Saanich, B.C., during the 2011 election campaign where he promised income-splitting for families - once the budget was balanced. (Adrian Wyld/The Canadian Press)
Doing the math, it's easy to see how Flaherty came to the conclusion he did.
Those who head single-parent families would not benefit at all, as there is no one to split income with. Those families where both parents earn similar amounts of money in the same tax bracket would also see no benefit.
Looking at a couple with two children where one spouse makes $60,000 a year and the other has no income, the savings are about $1,400 a year in federal taxes.
But for a couple where one spouse has no income and the other makes more than $191,000 — what a 2011 Statistics Canada survey identified as the top one per cent of income earners — the savings jump to more than $7,200 a year.
The spread gets wider if provinces go along with the scheme.
If our couples were in Ontario, for example, they could save an additional $1,800 and almost $6,000, respectively.
It's the fact that the more money you make, the more you stand to save that is behind why few in government — and virtually no experts outside government — expect the 2011 election promise to be fully implemented with no restrictions next year.
Possible changes
So what are the possible approaches that have been suggested to implement income splitting to make it palatable both politically and as policy?
1. Cap the program. Put an upper limit on the income eligible to be split.
Pros: It is simple and will be seen to be excluding millionaires and is more targeted at the much coveted "middle-class"voter.
Cons: Doesn't address the concerns of those who point out this does nothing to help single-parent families or families with lower incomes.
2. Lower the age of eligibility for dependants. Right now, the plan is to cover all families with a child under 18 years of age. There are suggestions to drop that age to 12 or younger.
Pros: Could be sold as a means to help parents who can't afford daycare for their school-aged children. That could also be the Conservatives' answer to the NDP's affordable daycare plan.
Cons: Further limits the pool of eligible families, which would erode the voters the Conservatives attracted with the promise in the first place. Also, this would represent a partial breaking of the election promise which said the cutoff would be children up to 18 years old.
3. A gradual phase-in of the plan. Conservative MP Maurice Vellacott is calling for the income splitting for families to be phased in over a number of years, starting with children under six years of age and eventually raising it to 18 as the economy (and the surplus) grows.
Pros: Limiting the pool of eligible families will cost less and not threaten early (possibly fragile) budget surpluses.
Cons: Voters attracted by this promise in 2011 will soon be ineligible for the program and could punish the party at the polls.
4. Make it a non-refundable federal tax-credit.
Pros: This would not affect provinces as the taxable income of individuals wouldn't change and the credit would be applied only toward what's owed to Ottawa. Making it non-refundable would mean other deductions and exemptions would reduce the value of the income-splitting, thereby reducing the impact on federal coffers.
Cons: It adds yet another complication to a tax system this government has already loaded up with various credits and deductions. (Note: this point would fall under the "Pros" category if you are an accountant paid to help people file their tax returns.)
5. Doing something else. Many critics of this kind of income splitting say the government could help families a lot more by boosting the Child Tax Credit or reducing personal income taxes for all.
Pros: Would reach more people and satisfy many critics from both ends of the political spectrum
Cons: Represents the breaking of a clear election promise, which makes this option highly unlikely.
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