The invention of cereal more than 100 years ago transformed the average breakfast from a heavy, fat-laden pancakes-and-meat smorgasbord into a lighter, quick meal. However, after decades of dominating the breakfast tables of North Americans, cereal sales are falling and fast-food restaurants are trying to cash in on Canadians' craving for an even more convenient morning meal.
"Canadians are motivated by convenience," said Robert Carter, executive director of market research company NPD Group, adding that they visit drive-thrus far more than Americans.
That has helped drive the massive success of the breakfast sandwich in this country. It's the single-fastest growing menu item not just in the breakfast category, but Canada's entire restaurant market over the past five years, says Carter, and it's changing our morning habits.
Portable food you can eat on the run or at your desk is part of the breakfast war heating up between fast-food outlets as they vie to sell time-strapped customers a quick and easy breakfast, although the latest offerings are really an extension of an old concept. McDonald's pushed the breakfast sandwich into the mainstream when it began selling Egg McMuffins in 1971 and followed it with a breakfast menu five years later.
The chain remains "best in class" when it comes to tapping into that breakfast market, says David Henckes, vice-president of food industry consultancy Technomic. Breakfast now accounts for 15 to 20 per cent of the chain's revenue, he says.
Other restaurants followed suit in the 1980s, but it's only in recent years that the breakfast and coffee battle has really heated up and attracted a slew of new competitors to the fray.
In Canada, Tim Hortons currently sits in the top fast-food slot when it comes to breakfast. Analysts suggest its recent purchase by Burger King is part of the hamburger giant's attempts to tap into the burgeoning breakfast market south of the border as well as increase its presence here.
Restaurant breakfast sales began a marked increase during the 2008 economic downturn. While Canadians were avoiding spending on pricey sit-down dinners, many instead treated themselves to morning fast-food meal, says Carter.
As restaurants have increased their marketing efforts and expanded their offerings in recent years, the number of Canadians eating in the morning has been rising.
Companies also saw an opportunity to boost sales because breakfast used to be the No. 1 meal Canadians skipped. As restaurants have increased their marketing efforts and expanded their offerings in recent years, the number of Canadians eating in the morning has been rising.
"All that growth from that skipped meal has come from Canadians eating breakfast out of home," said Carter.
Food historian Ian Mosby says the rising demand for morning sandwiches may also be partly the result of a larger cultural change in what's perceived as "evil" in our diets.
Whereas healthy eaters once worried about the perils of fat, they now concern themselves with the ills of sugar. Awareness of the dangers of added sugar has been rising in recent years as medical experts sounded alarms over the high levels of sugar in numerous products, such as cereals, yogurts, juices and baked goods.
At its core, the breakfast sandwich marks the return to the type of morning meals people used to eat decades ago when a plate full of eggs, toast and meat dominated North American tables. Except this time, it's portable.
"Eggs went from being the No. 1 danger with cholesterol and suddenly the scientific consensus has shifted, and eggs are not dangerous and sugar is increasingly becoming the thing that people are worried about," said Mosby.
Breakfast sandwiches are the single fastest-growing menu item in Canada in the past five years. (Shutterstock)
"Cereal has been getting a bad rap lately in terms of the sugar content," adds Janis Thiessen, a historian at University of Winnipeg who teaches a food history course and studies junk food.
She recalls eating Shreddies as a child. "We would add sugar to it because we thought of Shreddies as this sugarless cereal," said Thiessen. "As opposed to Cap'n Crunch, it was the healthy alternative.
"And then you go read the label as an adult and realize, 'Oh my gosh, there's tons of sugar in this stuff.'"
Those revelations are part of what's eating into the profits of the world's biggest cereal maker, Kellogg, and others. The company's earnings fell 16 per cent in the last quarter this year, the fifth consecutive quarterly sales decline. Rival General Mills is also struggling.
But Kellogg CEO John Bryant sees the decline in a different light. "It's more to do with protein seeking as opposed to avoiding items," he said in a recent interview with CNBC.
The longtime cereal maker is rejigging its lineup to offer up more protein-laden cereals and gluten-free options.
Despite the growing pressure from fast food chains, NPD Group's Carter agrees that do-it-yourself at-home breakfasts are not about to disappear. Single-serving coffee machines, yogurt and smoothies are en vogue — "all those convenient ready-to-consume" meals and drinks, he says.
But convenience is clearly the key. NPD Group research indicates that Canadians now typically take five minutes or less to prepare their in-home breakfasts.
"Even toast is declining because you've gotta push the button on the toaster," laughs Carter.
And whether people are eating at home or grabbing a breakfast sandwich en route to the office, the convenience factor appears to be changing Canadians' overall eating habits, according to NPD Group. Breakfast is no longer the No. 1 most-skipped meal - lunch now holds that dubious honour.
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